Subjects:

International Trade

Contents:

Part 1 The policies and realities of international economic regulation: law, politics and the dismal science

the policy assumptions of the international economic systems

competing policy goals and noneconomic objectives

international law and international economic relations - an introduction

the tangled web - is there a warp and a woof?. Part 2 The international institutions of trade - the WTO and the GATT: the Bretton Woods system and its context

the flawed constitutional beginnings of GATT

the World Trade Organization and the Uruguay Round

the obligations of GATT and their legal setting

the GATT and WTO as institutions

GATT, the Trade Negotiation Rounds and the WTO. Part 3 National institutions: introduction

the United States constitution and its effects on trade relations

United States law and international trade

the variety of national constitutions and their impact on the international trading system. Part 4 Rule implementation and dispute resolution: the effectiveness of international law

GATT as prologue to dispute-settlement procedures

legal process and trade disputes in GATT and the WTO

the WTO dispute-settlement process

national procedures for citizen initiation of international economic disputes

looking at the future of dispute settlement and rule application in the WTO. Part 5 Tariff and nontariff barriers: import restrictions and GATT/WTO obligations

GATT bindings and tariff negotiations

classification for tariff purposes

valuation for customs purposes

quantitative restrictions and other nontariff measures. Part 6 The most-favoured-nation policy: most-favoured-nation obligation and its politics

the meaning of MFN

exceptions to MFN and potential for bilateralism

rules of product origin

MFN, bilateralism and possible trends - some conclusions. Part 7 Safeguards and adjustment policies: the policies and history of the escape clause and the international structure for safeguards

the escape clause in GATT/WTO and the United States

the escape clause - legal prerequisites and practice

the escape clause - remedies and procedures

the escape-clause MFN question

law and practice regarding adjustment

export restraints, agreements and arrangements

reforms and the Uruguay Round safeguards text. Part 8 National treatment obligations and nontariff barriers: the policies and history of the national treatment obligation

the contours and application of the GATT obligation

defacto or implicit discrimination

border tax adjustments

technical standards

government procurement. Part 9 Competing policies and ingenious devices: protecting the value of tariff concessions and competing policies

national security

the general exceptions and legislation for health and welfare

pollution and regulation of the manufacturing process

restrictive business practices

balance-of-payments exceptions and currency obligations

other policies for future consideration - investment and labour standards. Part 10 Unfair trade and the rules

Explains the intricacies of the world trading system, including the GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade). This second edition of the text identifies features and precedents of the GATT, analyzes connections between the GATT and US constitutional and trade laws and evaluates its future.