Commercial law and practice are riddled with examples of the parties formally and informally altering the bargains into which they have entered. The means by which alteration occurs are contained within the doctrines of waiver, variation, and estoppel.
This book provides definitions of these notoriously difficult doctrines, together with a detailed analysis of how they apply throughout the commercial law in doctrine and practice. In the second edition the author has revised and rewritten much of the text to take into account recent cases, and new material has been added on issue estoppel, commercial property, and the possibility of an over-arching unifying theory governing the doctrines.
