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The EU prides itself on having created a legal system that puts the individual at its centre. Individuals benefit from a broad range of fundamental rights that protect them against EU power. However, to vindicate their rights against the EU, they have to make use of a remedies system as old as the EU itself. Unsurprisingly, with EU power growing and evolving, it also is increasingly difficult to challenge. This book critically examines the EU's remedies system from a fundamental rights perspective, focusing on the EU's activities outside the realm of lawmaking. It maps the existing mechanisms private parties can avail themselves of to enforce their fundamental rights against the EU and discovers their unused potential. In doing so, it offers an important synthesis of the state of play and directions for reform in areas where the EU falls short of its promise to provide a 'complete system of remedies'.
