We are now closed for the Christmas and New Year period, returning on Monday 5th January 2026. Orders placed during this time will be processed upon our return on 5th January.

Providing a comparative study of refugee case law in Europe and North America, this text aims to offer a different way of interpreting the definition of a refugee based on three elements: risk, persecution and proof (RPP) - summarized in the ""Theory of the Three Scales"". It should be of interest to organizations, practitioners and decision-makers in refugee law and to scholars in comparative law.