As European conflict of laws principles, the Rome Regulations have largely replaced national regulations and are directly applicable in every EU Member State. Accompanied by the increasing number of cross-border issues in Europe, it is indispensable for national legal consultation to be acquainted with the relevant conflict of laws rules. The new European conflict of laws principles also have a major effect on classical core areas of civil law, including contractual law, criminal law and law of obligation. The new commentary analyses article-by-article all relevant European regulations: